Reactive injuries in the oral cavity associated to sars-cov-2

The virus called SARS-COV-2 is a beta RNA positive-chain coronavirus. Several types of coronaviruses are known to infect humans, including the Middle East Acute Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-COV) HCOV-OC43, HCOV-NL63, HCOV-229E, among others. During SARS-COV-2 infection, skin and mucosal lesions occur as secondary reactive manifestations due to deterioration of the systemic condition, the possibility of opportunistic infections, or adverse reaction to given treatments. Due to the presence of multiple recep-tors in the respiratory tract, the lungs have been identified as the primary sites of infection, which leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome in severe cases. The immune response is measured by a variety of host factors, as well as by the activation of interleukins, cytosine, and chymosin, which can lead to skin and oral lesions. This article identifies and describes reactive lesions in the oral cavity observed in patients with SARS-COV-2 in order to help health professionals and patients recognize manifestations of the disease more immediately.

Mesenteric thrombosis associated with Sars-Cov-2 infection

COVID-19 disease is mainly characterized by respiratory clinical manifestations, which can be light to very severe;however, there is a group of patients who can present with thromboembolic events in any part of the body. A search of scientific information in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was carried out with the aim of describing and analyzing the potential causes of mesenteric thrombosis associated with SARSCoV-2 infection, as well as the clinical outcomes of patients who presented and were treated for mesenteric thrombosis during the course of the disease. Different pathophysiological mechanisms of thromboembolic events associated with COVID-19 have been reported, among them the hyper-coagulable state, an increased production of Von Willebrand factor, the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in small intestinal enterocytes, which in response to infection can release inflammatory mediators, and the state of shock present in two thirds of critically ill patients. Patients with COVID-19 and especially those with severe stages may have different mechanisms that converge or exacerbate a state of hyper-coagulation, which can affect any part of the body such as the mesenteric vessels and lead to gastrointestinal ischemia that compromises its viability and ends in intestinal resection due to necrosis. © 2022 Instituto de Altos Estudios de Salud Publica. All rights reserved.